1.INTRODUCTION
FIRST CIVILISATIONS
The first great civilisations apperared in the river valleys of Asia and Africa: Mesopotamia, Egypt, India and China.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIRST CIVILISATIONS
- The growth of cities.
- Travelling trade.
- Social differences.
- The invention of writing.
2.MESOPOTAMIA
What do you think Mesopotamia means...???
Mesopotamia is called the cradle of civilisation because people were the first in gathering in large cities, learning to write, making laws and creating government.
CURIOSITIES:
. People sold and bought many products (food, clothes...) in the markets.
. School were only for boys.
. Scribes were people who wrote important information in slabs of clay.
3. EGYPT
WHERE IS EGYPT?
Egypt is in northeast corner of Africa. The ancient egyptians settled along the Nile river.
Why do you think those two civilisations were near rivers...???
CHARACTERISTICS AND CURIOSTIES:
- They grew everything they needed to eat.
- They were polytheistic: they believed in many Gods and they built temples for them.
- Ra was the most important God. And he was known as "the God of the sun".
- Animals like jackals, cats, scarab beetle, crocodiles and hippos were very important and egyptians thought they were magic.
EGYPTIAN SOCIETY
PHARAOH
- They were like Gods.
- They were mummified.
- They were buried with all their belongings and treasures.
Who was Tutankhamun?
WHAT IS MUMMIFICATION?
Mummification was made to preserve the human body after death. Organs like liver,stomach, lungs and intestines were removed and placed in canopic jars.
Did the egyptians remove the heart? Why?
WRITING
Egyptians started to use paper. They made it with a plant called papyrus.
They wrote with hieroglyphs which are pictures that represent sounds and ideas.
Do you want to try to write your name....or a secret message...???
SOME PICTURES:
WHAT HAS BEEN YOUR FAVOURITE THING ABOUT EGYPT?
ANCIENT GREECE
INTRODUCTION
Ancient Greeks lived in Greece, Greek Islands but also some areas od Italy, Sicily, Turkey, North Africa and Western France and Spain.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CURIOSITIES
- They were polytheists which means that they believed in different gods: Zeus, Poseidon, Athenea...
FATHER OF GODS AND MEN
GOD OF SEAS AND STORMS
- They created democracy (voting).
- They developed philosophy (the art of thinking). Some of the most important philosophers were Platon, Aristoteles and Socrates.
- They created olympic games.
- They love stories and leyends.
- They loved poetry, theatre and arts. One of the most important author was Homer who wrote "The Iliad" and "The Odysey".
Can you search for any story or legend???
ROMAN CIVILISATION
Check this out!
- Rome was created on the Italian Peninsule in the 8th century BC.
- It was built next to river Tibet.
- Rome conquered most of the parts of the Mediterranean.
- Rome was ruled by a king called Tarquin the Proud.
Tarquin the Proud was cruel and unkind so the people kicked him out and decided to make Rome into a REPUBLIC.
Do you know what a republic is?
Can you think about a republic country?
- Republic: Instead of a king making all of the decisions, the people elect people who serve in goverment for a certain amount of time.
Do you Know who this person is:
JULIUS CAESAR:
- He was a great general and writer.
- He was a big deal for Rome because he wanted to be in charge of Rome.
- There was a terrible civil war and he was victorius.
- Then for 5 years he had the power of Roman Empire until he was betrayed and killed.
- His sucessor was Augustus who was the first emperor of Rome.
- Augustus was Caesar´s adopted son.
- He ruled Rome until the end of Roman Empire.
The Roman Empire ended in the 5th century when Germans invaded Rome.
CURIOSITIES:
- Romans created: Colosseum (for different events like chariot races, fightings...), spas, theatres, circuses, aqueducts (to carry water from one place to another) and roads (to make transportation and comunication easier).
- They spoke latin (spanish comes from latin).
- They invented socks.
MANY GLADIATORS LOST THEIR LIFES FIGHTING
Who do you think they are???
WHAT HAS BEEN YOUR FAVOURITE THING ABOUT ROME?
FIRST CIVILISATION IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA
ROMANISATION OF SPAIN
Important facts:
- Romans arrived in 248 BC to the Mediterranean coast.
- First, they conquered the southern coast.
- Then, they move through the center to the north of the Peninsula.
- By 19 BC (almost 200 years) they had conquered all of the Peninsula.
- The romans divided the Peninsula into 5 provinces: Gallaecia, Lusitania, Baetica, Carthaginensis and Tarraconensis.
- They gave to the Iberian Peninsula a new name: HISPANIA
WHAT DID ROMANS DO WHILE THEY WERE HERE:
1. Romans laws
2. Society: It was divided into:
Free people:
- Patricians: Rich people
- Plebians: Who were craftsmen, merchants and farmers.
- Slaves.
3. Economy: It was based in:
- Trading
- Roads
- Farming
- Mining
4. Cities: the cities had a :
- Straight roads
- Solid buildings
- Triumphal archs
- Bridges
- Aqueducts
- Forum: It was the main square. Here there were the temples, theatres, amphitheatres, circus and public baths.
5. Legacy:
- Religion: Christianity
- Language: latin
- Art: Sculptures, frescoes, mosaics...
HERE YOU HAVE A LINK WHERE YOU CAN SEE SOME BEAUTIFUL PLACES ROMANS BUILT IN SPAIN: https://www.spain.info/en/top-10/destinos-imperio-romano-hispania.html
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